Comprehensive analysis of Amphotericin B: innovations and clinical applications in tropical dermatoses and beyond – A narrative review

Aditya K. Bubna, Department of Dermatology, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India Vinayak Viplav, Department of Dermatology, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India

Amphotericin B (AmB), a natural polyene macrolide derived from Streptomyces nodosus, has emerged as a versatile therapeutic agent with significant implications for tropical and systemic infections. Originally developed for treating life-threatening fungal infections, the therapeutic utility of AmB has expanded to include various tropical dermatoses, namely, leishmaniasis. The drug demonstrates remarkable mechanisms of action, including cholesterol sequestration, lipid peroxidation, and immune system modulation. Despite its broad spectrum of activity, challenges remain in establishing standardized treatment protocols. Ongoing research continues to explore combination therapies and optimize dosing strategies, positioning AmB as a critical tool in combating tropical infections with complex clinical presentations.

Keywords: Amphotericin B. Chromoblastomycosis. Cutaneous mucormycosis. Leishmaniasis. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.